Builders Liens

Construction Law

Builders Liens

In British Columbia, a builder's lien, also known as a construction lien in other jurisdictions, is a legal claim that can be placed on a property by contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, or other parties who have provided labor or materials for a construction project but have not been paid for their work or supplies. The builder's lien is a mechanism that helps these parties secure payment for their services.
Construction LawBuilders Lien
Time to Expire1 Year (watch for 21 day notice)
LawyerCourtney AuBuchon

The primary purpose of a builder’s lien is to provide protection and recourse for those involved in construction projects. It ensures that individuals and companies involved in the project are compensated for their contributions.

Parties who may file a builder’s lien include contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, and laborers who have provided work, materials, or services on the construction project.

There is a specific time limit within which a builder’s lien must be filed after the work or materials were provided. In British Columbia, this time limit is typically 45 days from the date of the last work performed or materials supplied.

To initiate the lien process, the claimant must file a “Notice of Claim of Lien” with the Land Title Office in British Columbia. This notice must include details of the claim, such as the amount owed, the property involved, and the parties involved.

Once a builder’s lien is registered, it becomes a charge on the property, which means the property cannot be sold or refinanced without dealing with the lien. This can put significant pressure on property owners to resolve the payment dispute.

After the builder’s lien is filed, the parties involved may engage in negotiations, mediation, or legal action to resolve the payment dispute. If the matter is not resolved, the claimant may seek a court order to enforce the lien and potentially force the sale of the property to satisfy the debt.

Builders Liens have a “super priority” in relation to other debts or encumbrances on a property. When a builder’s lien is registered and enforced, it is given priority over most other claims or mortgages on the property. This means that the builder’s lienholder’s claim takes precedence in terms of payment or settlement if the property is sold or if there is a dispute regarding the property’s ownership. While builders liens enjoy super priority, there are certain exceptions and limitations. For example, property taxes, strata liens, and some specific statutory claims may take precedence over a builder’s lien. Also, if there is a pre-existing mortgage on the property that was registered before the builder’s lien, that mortgage may retain its priority, however, subsequent advances may not.

A builder’s lien holder may be considered a secured creditor if they have a valid and properly registered builder’s lien on the debtor’s property, and if the value of the lien is equal to or less than the value of the property. In such cases, the builder’s lien is considered a “secured interest” in the property, and the lien holder has a secured claim.

It’s important to note that builder’s liens can be complex legal matters, and the process may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the nature of the construction project. Parties involved in a potential builder’s lien situation should seek legal advice to understand their rights and obligations under British Columbia’s lien laws. Additionally, the rules and regulations regarding builder’s liens may have been updated or changed since the site was written, so it’s advisable to consult the most recent legal resources or a legal professional for the latest information.

Can I file a builders lien without a lawyer?

Yes! You can file a builders lien at https://ltsa.ca/professionals/property-professionals/file-claim-of-builders-lien/# without the assistance of a lawyer.

The process of removing a lien is more difficult however. https://help.ltsa.ca/myltsa-enterprise/form-c-release.

21 day notice to commence an action

1. What is it?

A property owner or lien claimant who has commenced an action may serve a lien claimant with a notice to commence an action to enforce a lien and to register in the land titles office a certificate of pending litigation within 21 days after service of the notice. 

2. How must the notice to commence an action be delivered?

The notice can either be personally served on the lien claimant or mailed or delivered to the address for service given in the claim of lien. 

If served by mail the notice is deemed to have been served on the eighth day after the package was delivered to Canada Post. 

3. What happens if nothing is filed after 21 days?

If the lien claimant does not commence an action to enforce the claim of lien AND register a certificate of pending litigation within 21 days then the lien is extinguished and cannot be restored. 

4. Take the notice seriously

Lien claimants may miss the notice to commence an action to enforce the claim of lien, either because they do not check their mail or because they do not thoroughly read the notice. Therefore, if you file a builders lien you should use an address that is regularly monitored and act quickly once a notice is received. 

It is very difficult for most people to commence an action to enforce a claim of lien and file a certificate of pending litigation without the assistance of a lawyer. It may be difficult to find a lawyer who can perform the required work if you wait too long. 

Benefits of a builders lien

Secured interest in land

Once the builder’s lien is filed, it creates a secured interest in the property for the claimant. This means that the claimant has a legal right to the property as collateral until the debt is satisfied. As a secured creditor, the claimant’s interest in the property takes precedence over unsecured creditors in the event of a dispute, bankruptcy, or foreclosure. In other words, if the property is sold or foreclosed upon, the secured creditor (the one with the builder’s lien) has a higher priority in receiving payment compared to unsecured creditors.

 

Claim against owner

Normally, a subcontractor will not have a contract with the property owner and, therefore, will not have a claim to sue the owner if they are not paid. The builders lien gives the sub-contractor a way to claim an interest in the property which can be used to recover the amount owing on an unpaid bill. 

 

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    How to get rid of a builders lien in BC?

    There are several ways for a landowner to get rid of a builder lien in BC. 

    1. Pay the lien claimant. If the lien claimant will not discharge the lien by agreement or if there is a dispute between a contractor and sub-contractor the amount claimed can be paid into court using the process established by section 23 of the Builders Lien Act. If the holdback that is required by the Builders Lien Act is less than the total amount of the lien claims, the landowner may pay into court the holdback amount, rather than the total amount of the liens to have the liens removed. 
    2. Pay money into court as substitute security. Typically, the full amount of the lien is posted, however, this does not have to be the case. The application to the court is made using section 24 of the Builders Lien Act and is typically used when there is a dispute over the amount owing but the landowner needs the lien removed. 
    3. Apply to the court to remove a lien is not valid or should not have been filed. This application is made using section 25 of the Builders Lien Act
    4. Serve the lien claimant with a notice to commence an action to enforce the claim of lien. the lien is extinguished if the lien claimant does not commence a lawsuit and file a certificate of pending litigation within 21 days of delivery of the notice the lien is extinguished. 
    5. Wait for the builder lien to expire after one year if the lien claimant has not commenced a lawsuit and filed a certificate of pending ligitation. 

    How can I protect my property from a builders lien?

    If you are a landlord and you are concerned that your tenant may perform work on your property you can file a Notice of Interest in the BC Land Titles Office, which is a warning to other persons that your interest in the land described in the notice is not bound by a lien claimed in respect of an improvement on the land unless that improvement is undertaken at your express request. 

    What is the holdback period for a builder lien in BC?

    The holdback period expires at the end of 55 days after the certificate of completion is issued or, if there is no certificate of completion, 55 days after the head contract is completed or the head contract is completed, abandoned or terminated if the owner engaged a head contractor. If this does not occur, the holdback period ends 55 days after the improvement is completed or abandoned. 

    Completed is defined as substantially completed which is when f the work to be done under that contract is capable of completion or correction at a cost of not more than:

    a) 3% of the first $500 000 of the contract price,

    b) 2% of the next $500 000 of the contract price, and

    c) 1% of the balance of the contract price.

    This is known as the 3 2 1 holdback rule. 

    Cautions & Considerations

    This webpage is not legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for consulting a lawyer. Builders liens and construction law are complicated and it is easy to make mistakes. Always consult with a lawyer to get advice specific to your situation.